Hotjse



(No Model.) A. G. WATERHOUSE.

DYNAVMC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 304,384. i Patented Sept. 2,1884.

ATTEST:

INVEANT om MQMW www 7% 7T UNITED Sintes ADDISON G. VATERHOUSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE SCHUYLER ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, OF

SAME PLAGE.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.3021g384, dated September 2, 1884.

Application filed February 7, 1883. Renewed February 12, 1884. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ADDISON G. WATER- HoUsE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of dynamoelectrical-machines in which a ring-armature provided with coils of electrical conductors is made to revolve between two magnetic fields; and it more particularly consists ofthe manner of connecting the armature-conductors and in commutating or taking off the current generated in the same.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l shows the two magnetic fields of force marked S and N, according to their polarity. A indicates in end view a ring-armature provided with coils of electrical conductors marked l, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4L, and 8. The four plates of a commutator are marked C, C2, C3, and C4. In-

this drawing` I have shown the commutatorplates enlarged, to facilitate the following description and the following out of the connections; but in practice they are made small, as shown in dotted circle C around the shaft S', upon which the armature A revolves, and the eld-magnets S Aand N are closed in, so as to closely nt around A and its coils of conductors.

The four brushes B', B2, B3, and B4 are the contact-brushes used in conveying the current to and from the armature. The eight electrical coils on the armature are all of the same size and all wound in the same direction. Said coils are at substantially equal distances apart and occupy substantially the relative position shown in the drawings. In order to explain the method of winding and connecting the several coils together electrically, we will begin with commutator-plate C', to which one free end of the wire composing coil l is attached. The inner end, say, ofvcoil 1 is connected to commutator-plate C', and the outer end or terminal of said coil is indicated at e. Here the circuit divides, one portion passing to the inner terminal of coil 5-that is, the terminal of said coil which in passing through the same magnetic field will be of the opposite polarity to the terminal of coil 1, with which it is connected, so that when in the same field the currents in said coils will combine to pass in the same direction; but when in opposite fields the currents of the two bobbins would tend to iow in opposite directions in any circuit in which the other two ends of said coils should be interposed. The other portion ci' the circuit passes from e (the outerterminal of coil l) to the outer terminal of a coil, 7, so that when coils l and 7 are in the same magnetic eld the currents of coils l and 7 would oppose one another in their connecting-wire. The inner terminal ofthe coil 7 joins the outer terminal of coil 5 at e3, which is the outer terminal of coil 3, and the two circuits combined pass through coil 3 to the commutator-plate C, connected to the inner terminal of coil 3. The effect of the latter con-` nections, as will be obvious, is that in the circuit between C and C the currents from coils 3 and 7 would iiow in the same direction and reenforce one another when said coils are in the same eld, but would oppose one another when said two coils are on opposite sides of the neutral line or line of change of polarity of current in each bobbin-that is,when said bobbins are in opposite magnetic elds. coils 5 and 3 will oppose one another in the circuit between C and C3 when said coils are in the same field, but will assist when the coils are in opposite fields. The four coils thus connected form a set in which a current iiowing between C and C3 will pass in series through three of said coils, and in multiple arc through the two intermediate coils 5 and 7, and in which there will be a neutralization of effects, as will be presently seen, when coils l and 7 are moving in one eld and coils 5 and 3 in an opposite field, but in which there will be a iiow of currents in the same direction and assisting one another from all the coils, so long as coils l 7 are moving in one field and coils 5 3 in an. opposite Jfield. The second system of coils embraces coils 2, 8, 4, and 6, placed transversely to the rst set and commutatorsegments C2 C4. Said coils are connected to one another and to the commutator in the same way as the first set-viz., one end of coils 2 and 4 to commutator-segments C2 and Ct, respectively, and their other ends each t0 an opposite terminal of the multiple-arc circuit On the other hand the currents from IOO embracing coils 8 and ti, each in a branch or loop of said circuit. The proper terminals are connected as before, so that there will be an opposition of currents in the system when coils 2 8 are on one side and coils 4L (i on the opposite side oit' the line passing through the two points at which the polarity ot' each coil reverses, and which line may theoretically be taken as the line passing midway between the pole-pieces N S, but that the coils will all assist one another when 2 and o' are in one field and T and 8 are in an opposite field.

Fig. 2 represents an armature with comunitator outside oi' the iield-magnets, with a modiiication ofthe electrical connections.

Fig. i represents an armature with a single system ot' coils.

Fig. i is another view ot' Fig. 3, with the position ot' the coils changed.

Fig. 5 shows an armature with the .t'our coils ot one system placed ninety degrees apart.

rlhe electrical. action ot' this combination is as follows: Take, for example, Fig. 3, showing one system ot' l'our coils provided with two opposite eonnnntator-plates. `We will suppose that with the system in the position shown the part ol' the coils of l and 5 that cut the lines olVI l'orce between the S iield and the armature A have a current produced in them that runs toward the observer and away from the drawing, or, in other words, that the outer and inner terminals of said coils, which are connected together, are ol opposite polarity, so that they will combine lor tension. Then coils 3 and T, as they pass in the opposite direction between the Ntield and A ,have

a current which ilows :in the outer portion ot said coils in the opposite direction, er away from the observer and toward the drawing, so that the currents in said coils may combine ior tension, and that the current ot' coil '7 may work in tension with coil jl.. Under these conditions a current passes in a brush, B, to plate G, in and around eoil 'l to E', where it di vides, one part going across to coil 7, around it, and out at the opposite end to wire X, to E3, thence around coil 3 to plate C, and out on brush BX, while the other part passes through coil 5, and to and through coil 3. In this way we have the electro-motive force ot' coils 1, 7, and 3 in series in the one path, and the electro-motive force of coils l, 5, and 3 in series in the other path.

In Fig. 4 the same coils are shown in, the

position about where the brushes are to change plates, and the coils are generating currents which oppose and neutralize one another in the system, and coils l and 3 are approaching while 7 and 5 are leaving the line in which their polarity changes, not allowing for the magnetic drag met in practice when the armature is in motion. The coils are then in a position where the brushes can cha-nge plates without causing a ilash between the brushes and the commutatorvplates, although at this time both brushes are in contact with both plates. It will be seen, as before explained,

and as indicated by arrows, that the direction o1' the currents in the several. coils is such that they are exactly opposed to each otherthat is, T opposes 3, l opposes 5, 5 opposes 3, and 7 opposes l-so that there is practically no current passing between C and C, even when the brushes short-circuit them.

It will be observed, in consit'lering the ac tion ofthe system in Fig. ft, that although the electro-motive force ot' coils 3 and l is opposed by that ot' 7 and ."i, yet as the latter act in multi plc arc there would in theory be a resultant electro-motive i'oree ot' current in the system equivalent to that ot' either 3 or ll., the eurrents ol.vl which in the position shown would `flow in series and assist one another. This can be 'met by shifting the point of change ol' the connnutator, so that when the brushes shii't coils 7 and 5 will be :in a portion ot' the tield where they will each generate a current ot" greater electro'nmtive force than coil 3 or Il, and will therefore counterbalance or approximately connterbalance the combined electroinotive l'orce ol' coilsl l and il at the point of change. Alter the armature A has Amoved slightly around in the direction shown by a1'- row, coils 3 and l reach the neutral line and are inactive, while coils 7 and being in ad vance, become active and prevent any other active system from shortcircuiting through this system without the necessity of cutting out the coils for any considerable length oi' time, i'or the reason that it' a current attempts to pass through the inactive coils l and 3 in the wrong direction it would be opposed by the active coils 5 and 7, through which it would have to pass. Alter the coils 3 and il pass the neutral line, the whole set begins to work together, in Fig. 3.

I do not confine myselt to the exact angle between the coils l and or 3 and 7. In this case l1 have shown lforty-five degrees between the lines that l'orm the diameter between l and 3 and that between 5 and 7 but the saine may be increased to ninety degrees, as indicated in Fig. 5, more or less, il' desirable.

It will be seen by referring to Fig. l that the armature A is wound with two systems of coils with two pairs of commutator plates, one oi which includes plates C and C: and coils l, 5, 3, and 7, while the other is composed of plates C2 and Gand coils 2, 6, 1i, and S. As shown, these two systems work in multiple are between the two sets of brushes B l22 and B IB. The plates are each supposed to be semicircular, with one compound brush on each side or quadrant, as shown, each `compound brush consisting oi' two brushes, to prevent break of circuit as the brush shifts from one segment oit' the commutator to the next. VWhen the commutator is arranged to take the current in multiple are l'roin the two sets of bobbins, the overlap ofthe brushes should be small, to shorten the time during which one set can short-circuit through the cylinder and brush bearing on the same for the other set; or, instead of having one set of brushes for all the systems on l OO IIC)

the armature A, there may be more, if it is desired. In case great electro-motive force is required, I may employ a separate vpair of plates and brushes for each system, as in Figs.

,3 and 4, and connect the brushes of each system in series or multiple arc to one another, as the case requires;

Fig. 2 shows an armature the same as in Fig. 1, to show the possibility of' connecting the cross-wires of two systems together, as shown at x and y, without interfering with the separate action of' each system. As I have stated, I do not confine myself to the angle shown at which the several coils of each system are placed apart, or the number of systems that may be used on the same armature, whether used as a generator or electromotor. Chan ges may be made in the relative positions of the coils of the two sets; and, if desired, the coils of one set might alternate with the coils of the other set, so that the two sets, instead of being displaced ninety degrees, as shown, would be displaced forty-five degrees.

It is obvious that the method of connecting up and disposing the coils herein described may be applied to other forms of dynamoelectric machines-as, for instance, to the drum or cylinder armature machine-or to that kind of machine in which the coils are wound on separate similarly-disposed bobbins, disposed radially or parallel to the shaft by which they are supported.

In another application for patent led by vme I have described and claimed a method of winding and connection in which the coils are arranged in pairs, and one free end of' each pair is connected to the junction-wire of another pair, while its other free end is connected to the commutator. In the present case a coil connected t'o a commntator-plate and a contiguous coil may b`e said to be a pair having this method of connection to the other two coils of the set. I, however, make no claim herein, broadly, to such principle, as the principle, if' contained herein, is the same as that claimed in myother application aforesaid.

That I claim as my invention is.-

1. In a dynamo-electric machine, a ring-armature rotating between two magnetic fields, provided withone or more systems of electrical conductors consisting of four coils, two of which are connected in multiple arc with relation to one another, and in series with the remaining two coils of' theset, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2.' In a dynamo-electrical machine, an armature provided with onc or more systems of conductors consisting of four coils in each system, connected as described, so that when said set of coils is in one position in the magnetic field three out of the four will work in series, and the remaining coil will work in multiple arc with one of the three, while when the set is turned ninety degrees the polarities of the coils will be opposed toone another, so

as to prevent flash at the commutator when the system is short-circuited thereby.

3. The ring-armature A, provided with electrical coils consisting of one or more systems of four coils, each system consisting of two coils, with a commutator-plate connected to one free end of each, the -other end of' each of these coils being connected together in two ways, each of which includes one of the remaining two coils belonging to the system, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, with an armature, of a set of armature-coils, four in number, two of' which coils are connected to the two opposite plates of a commutator, and the remaining two are connected in multiple arc between the rst two in the manner described, so as to each work in tension with said first two, and commutator-brushes applied in the manner described to chan-ge from one segment to the other when the currents in the coils of the system are acting in opposition.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 1st day of February, A. D. 1883.

ADDISON G. VATERHOUSE..

Vitnesses:

Tr-ros. TooMnY, WM. I'I. BLAIN. 

